Sonntag, 26. Februar 2017

THE INTERNATIONAL CHARTER ON SPACE AND MAJOR DISASTERS

International Charter on Space and Major Disasters

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The International Charter "Space and Major Disasters" is a non-binding charter which provides for the charitable and humanitarian retasked acquisition of and transmission of space satellite data to relief organizations in the event of major disasters. Initiated by the European Space Agency and the French space agency CNES after the UNISPACE III conference held in Vienna, Austria in July 1999, it officially came into operation on November 1, 2000 after the Canadian Space Agency signed onto the charter on October 20, 2000. Their space assets were then, respectively, ERS and ENVISAT, SPOT and Formosat, and RADARSAT.
The assorted satellite assets of various corporate, national, and international space agencies and entities provide for humanitarian coverage which is wide albeit contingent. First activated for floods in northeast France in December 2001,^[1] the Charter has since brought space assets into play for numerous earthquakes, oil spills, forest fires, tsunamis, major snowfalls, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and landslides,^[2]^[3] and furthermore (and unusually) for the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370^[4] and for the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak.^[5] As of 2015 fifteen space agencies are signatories; dozens of satellites are available with resolutions ranging from 8 km per pixel to about 0.3048 m per pixel.^[6]

Successive signatories and satellite assets

The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) — (POES), (GOES) and Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) (September 2001)^[7] — (the Indian Remote Sensing satellite series)
Argentine Space Agency (CONAE) (July 2003)^[7] — (SAC-C)
February 2005 – Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)^[7] — (ALOS)
? 2005 – United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the U.S. team — (Landsat, Quickbird, GeoEye 1)
November 2005 – The British space agency BNSC (UK-DMC) with the company DMCii
May 2007 – China National Space Administration (CNSA) — (the FY, SJ, ZY satellite series)
? – DMC International Imaging
? – The Algerian space agency Centre National des Techniques Spatiales — (ALSAT-1)
? – The Nigerian National Space Research and Development Agency — (NigeriaSat)
? – The Turkish space agency TUBITAK — (BILSAT-1)
? – The British company BNSC/Surrey Satellite Technology Limited — (UK-DMC)
? – The British company BNSC/Qinetiq — (Top Sat)
2012 German Aerospace Center (DLR) - (TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X)
2012 Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) - (Arirang 3, 3A, 5)
2012 Instituto Nacional de PesquisasEspaciais, Brazil (INPE)
2012 European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)^[8]
2013 Russian Space Agency^[9] (Resurs-DK No.1, Resurs-P No.1, Kanopus-V, Meteor-M1)^[10]

As of 2012 the live satellites and their instrumentalities were: The high resolution and very high resolution radar sensors of ENVISAT (decommissioned in April), RISAT-1, RADARSAT-1 & 2, TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X; the high resolution and very high resolution optical sensors of SPOT satellites4 & 5, Pleiades, Landsat 5 & 7, PROBA1, UK-DMC 2, KOMPSAT-2, IRS-P5, Resourcesat-2, Oceansat-2, Cartosat-2, IMS-1, and RapidEye; the medium and low resolution optical sensors of POES, GOES, and SAC-C. Furthermore, specific agreements with other entities, including corporations, allow the Charter access to additional products of high and very high resolution from satellites such as the Formosat series, GeoEye, IKONOS, QuickBird, and WorldView.^[8]
In 2014 the charter was activated 41 times for disasters in 30 countries. In that year the live satellites and their instrumentalities included: The high and very high resolution radar sensors of Risat-1, RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X, and TanDEM-X and Sentinel-1A; the optical high and very high resolution sensors of UK-DMC 2, Landsat 7 and 8, SPOT series 5, 6, and 7, Pléiades 1A and 1B, PROBA 1, SJ-9A, GF-1, KOMPSAT-2, IRS-P5 (Cartosat-1), Cartosat-2, Resourcesat-2, Oceansat-2, RapidEye, Kanopus-V, and Resurs-P, and the HDTV camera mounted the Kibo module of the International Space Station; and the medium and low optical sensors of POES, GOES, FY-3C, the Metop series, the first two Meteosat generations, and Meteor-M. Specific agreements with other entities allow for the usage of the Formosat, GeoEye, IKONOS, QuickBird, and WorldViews satellites, which have high and very high reolution. Archival data from defunct satellites such as ALOS, ENVISAT, ERS, CBERS, IRS-1C, Astra 1D, IRS P4, P6, IMS-1, RADARSAT-1, SAC-C, SPOT 1-3 & 4, UK-DMC, Landsat-5 and NigeriaSat are also available.^[11]

Major events resulting in activation

This is very much a partial list; the 500th activation of the Charter was on 1 August 2016.^[12]

2004: The charter was activated for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).^[13]
14 January 2010: The French Civil Protection authorities, Public Safety Canada, the American Earthquake Hazards Programme of USGS and the UN Stabilisation Mission in Haiti requested a post-event map of Haiti, two days after the 2010 Haiti earthquake, via the Space and Major Disasters Charter.^[14]^[15]
22 February 2011: Both COGIC (French Civil Protection)^[16] and the American USGS requested the activation of the charter on the behalf of MCDEM New Zealand, thus readily providing satellite imagery for aid and rescue services following the 2011 Christchurch earthquake.^[17]
12 March 2011: Japan, through its space agency JAXA, requested the activation of the charter to help in managing the aftermath of 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.^[18]
8 November 2013: The charter was activated by Philippine authorities as super-typhoon Haiyan made landfall.^[19]
11 March 2014: The charter was activated by Chinese authorities to aid in the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 which disappeared on March 8, 2014, en route from Kuala Lumpur International Airport to Beijing Capital International Airport.^[4]^[20]
9 October 2014: The charter was activated by the USGS on behalf of National Geospatial Agency to monitor the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak (in Sierra Leone, specifically), the first time its space assets have been used in an epidemiological role.^[21]^[22]
4 May 2016: Public Safety Canada activated the charter for the Fort McMurray wildfire.^[23]
13 August 2016: The charter was activated by the USGS in response to the 2016 Louisiana floods.^[24]

References

Disaster Charter – Activation Details. Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

Disaster Charter – Recent Activations. Disasterscharter.org (2010-05-28). Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

"Saving lives from space". BBC News. Retrieved 8 October 2012.

http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/activation_details?p_r_p_1415474252_assetId=ACT-482

/world-africa-29577175

"15 Years of International Cooperation on Disaster Response". International Charter Newsletter. International Charter Space and Major Disasters. 2015-12-31. p. 5. Retrieved 2016-05-07.

International Charter on Space and Major Disasters // International Symposium on Remote Sensing Applications to Natural Hazards, Washington, D.C. 12 September 2007, Barbara J. Ryan (Associate Director for Geography, U. S. Geological Survey)

http://www.disasterscharter.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=23109&folderId=172718&name=DLFE-4704.pdf

Roscosmos Acknowledged Full Member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters // APRIL 23, 2014

Роскосмос — 15-й участник Международной хартии по космосу и крупным катастрофам (Russian space agency is 15th member of International Charter on Space and Major Disasters) // ГЕОМАТИКА. — 2013. — № 3. — С. 14-16. (GEOMATIKA 2013 №3 pages 14-16) (Russian)

"14th Annual Report". International Charter Space & Major Disasters. 2015-12-31. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 2016-05-07.

"500th activation of the International Charter" (Press release). International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 1 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

http://www.disasterscharter.org/web/charter/activation_details?p_r_p_1415474252_assetId=ACT-077

First Satellite Map of Haiti Earthquake, ScienceDaily

Spaceman: How satellites are being used in Haiti. BBC (2010-01-14). Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

(French) Plan Orsec – Wikipédia. Fr.wikipedia.org. Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

Disaster Charter – Earthquake in New Zealand. Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

Disaster Charter – Earthquake in Japan. Disasterscharter.org (2010-05-28). Retrieved on 2011-03-13.

"Disaster Charter - Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines". Disasterscharter.org. Retrieved 2013-11-11.

"15 space organizations join hunt for missing Malaysian jet". CNET. Retrieved 11 October 2014.

Ebola epidemic in West Africa

"Global Ebola outbreak deaths exceed 4,000 - WHO". BBC News. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2014.

"Latest Activation: Fire in Canada". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 4 May 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2016.

"Flood in United States". International Charter on Space and Major Disasters. 14 August 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

External links

This page was last modified on 8 January 2017, at 16:25.

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The International Charter

The International Charter aims at providing a unified system of space data acquisition and delivery to those affected by natural or man-made disasters through Authorized Users. Each agency member has committed resources to support the provisions of the Charter and thus is helping to mitigate the effects of disasters on human life and property.
https://www.disasterscharter.org/web/guest/home

Internationale Charta für Weltraum und Naturkatastrophen

Die Internationale Charta für Weltraum und Naturkatastrophen (englisch Charter On Cooperation To Achieve The Coordinated Use Of Space Facilities In The Event Of Natural Or Technological Disasters), kurz Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’ (Charter) ist eine Übereinkunft zwischen partizipierenden Raumfahrtagenturen, weltraumgestützte Daten und Informationen zur Unterstützung von Hilfsmaßnahmen in Katastrophenfällen zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Die Charter ist einzigartig durch ihre Fähigkeit, Agenturen weltweit mit ihrem Knowhow und ihren Satelliten zu mobilisieren, und zwar kostenlos für den jeweiligen Nutzer. Dazu steht ein zentraler Zugriffspunkt an sieben Tagen die Woche rund um die Uhr zur Verfügung.
Seit ihrer erfolgreichen Implementierung im November 2000 stellt die Charter immer wieder weltraumgestützte Daten nach plötzlichen Naturkatastrophen, wie Überschwemmungen, Wirbelstürmen, Tsunamis, Erdbeben, Erdrutschen, Waldbränden und Vulkanausbrüchen zur Verfügung, sowie auch nach industriellen Großunfällen oder großen Ölverschmutzungen.

Geschichte

Im Anschluss an die UNISPACE III Konferenz in Wien im Juli 1999, initiierten die Europäische und die Französische Weltraumagentur (ESA und CNES) die International Charter ‚Space and Major Disaster‘. Die Kanadische Weltraumagentur (CSA) schloss sich ihnen bald darauf an. Bis Herbst 2013 ist die Charter auf eine Gruppe von 15 Mitgliedern angewachsen, und Satellitendaten wurden zur Beobachtung von mehr als 400 Katastrophenereignissen seit dem Jahr 2000 eingesetzt. Die Anzahl der durch die Charter jährlich abgedeckten Katastrophen lag zuletzt bei mehr als 40 (Durchschnitt der Jahre 2007 bis 2013). Weitere Details und viele aus Satellitendaten abgeleitete Produkte und Karten können im "Activations Archive" auf der Website der Charter eingesehen werden.^[1]

Mitglieder

Die folgenden 15 Raumfahrtagenturen sind derzeit Mitglieder der Charter und stellen im Rahmen von Charter-Aktivierungen Daten ihrer Erdbeobachtungs-Satelliten zur Verfügung:

ESA Europäische Weltraumorganisation (ESA)
Centre national d’études spatiales (CNES)
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
UK Space Agency (UKSA) / DMC International Imaging (DMC)
China National Space Administration (CNSA)
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)
Roskosmos

Organisation und Arbeitsweise

Für jeden Katastrophentyp hat die Charter jeweils die für die Katastrophenhilfe nützlichsten Satellitensensoren und Aufnahmeoptionen identifiziert, die dann im konkreten Fall einer Charter-Aktivierung schnellstmöglich angefordert werden. Das Mandat der Charter beschränkt sich dabei auf die schnelle und kostenlose Bereitstellung von Satellitenaufnahmen, jedoch werden oft auch daraus abgeleitete Informationsprodukte wie Karten und Schadensbewertungen zur Verfügung gestellt. Neben neugewonnenen Daten werden auch Archivbilder so schnell wie möglich bereitgestellt, um Schäden im Vergleich der Satellitenbilder von vor und nach der Katastrophe zu visualisieren. Solche Informationen erlauben einen wertvollen Überblick über Gebiete, die am Boden nur schwer zugänglich sind, und helfen somit dabei, zerstörte Infrastruktur zu identifizieren und Gebiete ausfindig zu machen, in denen Hilfe besonders dringend benötigt wird. Die Charter wird von „autorisierten Nutzern“ - in der Regel nationale Katastrophenschutzbehörden - ausgelöst. Für jede Aktivierung der Charter wird ein Projekt Manager benannt, der die Bereitstellung hilfreicher Informationen an den Nutzer koordiniert.

„Universal Access“-Initiative

Mit dem Ziel, den Zugang zur Charter für Nutzer weltweit weiter zu erleichtern, haben sich die Mitgliedsagenturen auf das Prinzip des „Universal Access“ verständigt. Dies bedeutet, dass grundsätzlich jede nationale Katastrophenschutzbehörde weltweit in die Lage versetzt werden soll, ein Hilfegesuch an die Charter zu übermitteln. Dabei müssen festgelegte Abläufe befolgt werden, aber es spielt keine Rolle, ob der Notruf aus dem Land eines Charter-Mitglieds oder aus einem anderen Land kommt. Nationale Behörden können zum „autorisierten Nutzer“ der Charter werden, indem sie sich bei der Charter registrieren und an einem Training teilnehmen.

Literatur

Ahmed Mahmood: Monitoring disasters with a constellation of satellites – type examples from the International Charter ‘Space and Major Disasters’. In: Geocarto International, Band 27, Nummer 2, 2012, doi:10.1080/10106049.2011.622051.
Jens Danzeglocke: Hochwasserkatastrophen – Unterstützung aus dem All. In: Zeitschrift für Geodäsie, Geoinformation und Landmanagement, Ausgabe zfv 1/2014
Jens Danzeglocke: Flutkatastrophe – Das DLR unterstützt Hilfskräfte vor Ort. In: DLR Newsletter Countdown 22 (2013)

Weblinks

Homepage der Internationalen Charta für Weltraum und Naturkatastrophen (englisch)
DLR Raumfahrtmanagement "Internationale Katastrophencharta"
The international charter 'Space and major disasters' - Implementing Universal Access
UNO-Büro für Weltraumfragen betont die Rolle von Satellitentechnologie in der Katastrophenvorbeugung
Euronews-Beitrag
ESA Web TV special edition on the International Charter. (In this special edition of ESA’s Earth from Space web TV programme, Jens Danzeglocke, DLR’s member in the Charter’s Executive Secretariat talks about the Charter and its 'Universal Access' initiative.)
Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 12. Dezember 2016 um 22:54 Uhr geändert.

ACTIVATING THE CHARTER

Activating the Charter

There are several mechanisms to activate the Charter. It is based on a pre-defined list of appointed users, known as 'Authorized Users' (AUs). Until now AUs are typically disaster management authorities, from countries of Charter member agencies, able to request Charter support for emergencies in their own country, or in a country with which they cooperate for disaster relief.
Since its inception, the Charter has demonstrated a strong commitment to expanding its number of users. Initiatives include collaboration with UNITAR/UNOSAT and UN OOSA, active in many countries and who can submit requests to support in-country UN relief agencies, and Sentinel Asia, a regional network for Earth observation-based Emergency Response in 32 countries.

Universal Access

Building on a decade of success in making satellite data available for disaster response, the International Charter is now opening its doors even wider. The Charter Members have adopted the principle of Universal Access to further strengthen the Charter's contribution to disaster management worldwide. Any national disaster management authority will be able to submit requests to the Charter for emergency response. Proper procedures will have to be followed, but the affected country will not have to be a Charter member.
Universal Access benefits national disaster management authorities in countries beyond those of the Charter members, previously unable to make direct requests to the Charter.
A registration process is in place for national authorities interested in participating in the Charter as an "Authorized User". This process will validate the ability of national authorities to access and use Charter assets for disaster response, in accordance with Charter operational procedures. Steps and applicable conditions are explained in the Charter's Universal Access Information Brochure available together with its Registration form.

Map showing countries (in dark blue) with direct access to the Charter in July 2016. Universal Access allows national users from new countries to directly submit emergency requests as Authorized Users. In addition the Charter collaborates with Sentinel Asia, a regional network for Earth observation-based Emergency response in 26 countries (87 national organisations) and 15 International Organizations, and with UNITAR/UNOSAT and UNOOSA, active in many countries and who can submit requests to support in-country relief agencies of the United Nations. All countries of the world can benefit from the Charter by any of the ways described above. Since 2000 there have been 499 disasters covered in 118 countries worldwide.

Sequence of Events

The following illustration depicts the sequence of events that occur once the Charter is activated. Beginning with the authorized user (bottom left), follow the sequence with your mouse for a brief description of each step, and click on any of the steps for more in-depth information.
An Authorized User can call a single number to request the mobilization of the space and associated ground resources associated with Charter members in order to obtain data and information on a disaster occurrence.
A 24-hour on-duty operator receives the call, checks the identity of the requestor and verifies that the User Request form, sent by the Authorized User, is correctly completed.
The operator passes the information to an Emergency On-Call Officer who analyzes the request and the scope of the disaster with the Authorized User, and prepares an archive and acquisition plan using available satellite resources.
Data acquisition and delivery takes place on an emergency basis, and a Project Manager, who is qualified in data ordering, handling and application, assists the user throughout the process.

Charter Operational Loop

Authorized Users (AU)
	They are the bodies authorized to request the services of the Charter Typically they are national civil protection, rescue, defense and security bodies They are recognized to be the Charter Associated Bodies They receive the single (ODO) phone number

Exceptionally, the Board may allow certain organizations with which the Charter Parties and Partner Agencies have an interest to cooperate, or 'Cooperating Bodies', to request the Charter data.

On-Duty Operator (ODO)
	Available 24h/day, 7 days/week Receives calls requesting space data images and information Identifies the caller as being an AU Obtains and confirms with the AU the information required Transmits the information to the ECO (AU coordinates) Contacts the ECO within an hour

Emergency On-Call Officer (ECO)
	Available 24h/day, 7 days/week Processes the information received from the ODO Verifies the validity of the disaster relief data request Identifies the most timely and appropriate satellite resource and prepares a draft plan Gets the Space Agency user's approval AAP (Archives / Acquisition plan) Tasks the appropriate Space Agency Submits request for new images or archives Gathers all relevant information in the dossier Transfers dossier to the Project Manager Informs Space Agencies of the status of their space resources
Members (Space Agencies)
	Plan acquisitions according to request submitted by ECO Resolve any conflicts and suggest alternate acquisitions if necessary Program their respective space resources (satellites) to acquire the requested data over the area affected by the disaster Not all of the space resources can provide relevant data for all types of disasters. Hence, not all of the space resources are necessarily tasked for each Charter request
Value Added Reseller
	Once the data is acquired, it is processed into images VA further processes and interprets the data acquired over the area affected by the disaster and delivers the images to the End User
Project Manager (PM)
	Identified by Executive Secretariat when Charter is activated Available during normal working hours Ensures data is sent to the end user Confirms accuracy of data sent to user Ability to interpret data Coordinates, when required, the delivery of value-added products and information Completes dossier with a report submitted to the International Charter Executive Secretariat

Mechanisms to activate the Charter

There are several mechanisms for a user organisation to submit a request to activate the Charter:

Direct activation

A pre-defined list of appointed users, known as 'Authorized Users' (AUs), can submit a request for a disaster occurring in their country. The only bodies authorised to directly request the Charter to be activated are the AUs (typically civil protection agencies, governmental relief organisations, or other authorities with a mandate related to disaster management).

Activation via an Authorised User on behalf of a user from a non-member country ('sponsor Authorised User')

Authorised Users can access the Charter to request support for a disaster in a country with which they cooperate for relief purposes.

Activation via the UN for UN users

The Charter has an agreement with UN OOSA (Vienna) and UNITAR/UNOSAT (Geneva) to provide support to UN agencies. UN OOSA and UNITAR/UNOSAT may submit requests on behalf of users from the United Nations.

Activation for Asia Pacific users via Sentinel Asia's partner, the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre

Sentinel Asia is a regional collaboration for Earth observation based emergency response in 31 Asia Pacific countries.
Since 2009 the Charter has granted the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre the right to submit activation requests on behalf of national users of Sentinel Asia.

Further actions to improve Charter access with GEO

In response to a request from the Group on Earth Observation (GEO) to improve access to the Charter during emergencies, collaboration has started with primary focus on users from African countries that do not have a direct access to the Charter. In 2009, the Charter initiated a formal user consultation to address the improvement of Charter access in African countries.

Universal Access Information Brochure & User Registration Form

Emergency related enquiries

New users without direct access to the Charter should address emergency related enquiries to:
executivesecretariat@disasterscharter.org

General information enquiries

General enquiries concerning the Charter operations and provisions should be addressed to:
webmaster@disasterscharter.org

CHARTER MEMBERS

Charter Members

Member	Space Resources
European Space Agency (ESA)	ERS, Envisat, Sentinel-1A / B, Sentinel-2A, Proba-V
Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES)
Airbus Defence and Space	SPOT, Pléiades
Canadian Space Agency (CSA)	RADARSAT
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)	IRS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)	POES, GOES
Argentina's Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (CONAE)	SAC-C
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)	ALOS
United States Geological Survey (USGS)	Landsat
Digital Globe	Quickbird
GeoEye	GeoEye-1
UK Space Agency & DMC International Imaging (DMCii)	UK-DMC
Centre National des Techniques Spatiales (Algeria)	ALSAT-1
National Space Research and Development (Nigeria)	NigeriaSat
Tübitak-BILTEN (Turkey)	BILSAT-1
China National Space Administration (CNSA)	FY, SJ, ZY satellite series
German Aerospace Center (DLR)	TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI)	KOMPSAT-2, KOMPSAT-3, KOMPSAT-5
National Institute For Space Research (INPE)	CBERS
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)	Meteosat and Metop satellite series
The State Space Corporation Roscosmos (Roscosmos)	RESURS-DK1, RESURS-P, METEOR-М №1, KANOPUS-V
Agencia Bolivariana Para Actividades Espaciales (ABAE)	VRSS-1

CHARTER ACTIVATIONS

Tsunami, Indonesia and Thailand

https://www.disasterscharter.org/web/guest/-/tsunami-indonesia-and-thail-45

Tuesday, 28 December 2004

Type of Event:

Tsunami, Earthquake

Location of Event:

Indonesia and Thailand

Date of Charter Activation:

27/12/2004

Charter Requestor:

UNOOSA on behalf of UNOPS

Project Management:

UNOSAT

Description of the event

On December 26, 2004, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 struck off the west coast of Sumatra in the Indonesian Archipelago. This earthquake triggered a devastating tsunami and caused tremors that killed over 104,000 people in Indonesia and over 5,000 in Thailand.
Indonesia was the worst affected followed by Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia, Maldives, Malaysia and Myanmar.

QuickBird Image, 23 June 2004

Source: --

Acquired: --

Copyright: --

Other info: --

CRISP	http://www.crisp.nus.edu.sg/tsunami/tsunami.html
SERTIT	http://sertit.u-strasbg.fr/RMS/action.php?id=11642885

Sonntag, 26. Februar 2017

THE INTERNATIONAL CHARTER ON SPACE AND MAJOR DISASTERS

International Charter on Space and Major Disasters

Successive signatories and satellite assets

Major events resulting in activation

See also

References

External links

Internationale Charta für Weltraum und Naturkatastrophen

Geschichte

Mitglieder

Organisation und Arbeitsweise

„Universal Access“-Initiative

Literatur

Weblinks

ACTIVATING THE CHARTER

Universal Access

Sequence of Events

Charter Operational Loop

Authorized Users (AU)

On-Duty Operator (ODO)

Emergency On-Call Officer (ECO)

Members (Space Agencies)

Value Added Reseller

Project Manager (PM)

Mechanisms to activate the Charter

Direct activation

Activation via an Authorised User on behalf of a user from a non-member country ('sponsor Authorised User')

Activation via the UN for UN users

Activation for Asia Pacific users via Sentinel Asia's partner, the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre

Further actions to improve Charter access with GEO

Universal Access Information Brochure & User Registration Form

Emergency related enquiries

General information enquiries

CHARTER MEMBERS

Member

Space Resources

CHARTER ACTIVATIONS

Tsunami, Indonesia and Thailand

https://www.disasterscharter.org/web/guest/-/tsunami-indonesia-and-thail-45

Tuesday, 28 December 2004

Description of the event

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Earthquake, Tsunami in Southern Asia

https://www.disasterscharter.org/web/guest/-/earthquake-tsunami-in-southern-as-6

Sunday, 26 December 2004

Description of the event

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Tsunami, Sri Lanka

https://www.disasterscharter.org/web/guest/-/tsunami-sri-la-30

Sunday, 26 December 2004

Description of the event